Thyroid Cancer Surgery FAQs

1. What are the types of thyroid cancer surgery?

The main types of surgery for thyroid cancer include:

• Lobectomy – Removal of one lobe of the thyroid (used for small, low-risk cancers).
• Total Thyroidectomy – Removal of the entire thyroid gland (most common for thyroid cancer).
• Lymph Node Dissection – Removal of lymph nodes in the neck if cancer has spread.

2. How do I prepare for thyroid surgery?

• Stop eating and drinking the night before surgery.
• Follow any medication instructions from your doctor.
• Inform your surgeon about any blood thinners or supplements you take.
• Arrange for someone to drive you home after surgery.

3. Will I have a scar after surgery?

Yes, but it is usually a small incision in the lower neck. Surgeons try to place it in a natural skin crease to minimize visibility. The scar typically fades over time.

4. How long does thyroid surgery take?

• Lobectomy: 1–2 hours
• Total Thyroidectomy: 2–3 hours
• With Lymph Node Removal: May take longer

5. Is thyroid surgery painful?

Most patients experience mild to moderate pain, which is manageable with over-the-counter or prescribed pain medications.

6. How long is the recovery period?

• Most patients go home the same day or the next day.
• You may resume normal activities within 1–2 weeks but should avoid heavy lifting for a few weeks.
• Full recovery may take a few weeks to a couple of months, depending on the extent of surgery.

7. Will I need thyroid hormone replacement after surgery?

• If you had a lobectomy, your remaining thyroid may still produce enough hormones.
• If you had a total thyroidectomy, you will need lifelong thyroid hormone replacement (levothyroxine).

8. What are the potential complications of thyroid surgery?

• Hoarseness or voice changes (temporary in most cases, rare if permanent).
• Low calcium levels (hypocalcemia) if the parathyroid glands are affected (more common in total thyroidectomy).
• Neck swelling or numbness (improves over time).
• Infection or bleeding (rare).

9. How soon can I eat and drink after surgery?

You can drink fluids as soon as you’re awake and start eating soft foods within a few hours. Avoid spicy or hard foods that could irritate your throat.

10. When can I return to work after thyroid surgery?

Most patients return to work within 1–2 weeks, depending on their job and how they feel. If your job requires heavy physical activity, you may need more time.

11. Can thyroid cancer come back after surgery?

Yes, though the risk is low. Regular follow-ups with blood tests and scans help detect any recurrence early.

12. How often will I need follow-ups after surgery?

• First year: Every 3–6 months
• After that: Usually once a year, unless issues arise